Routing is a vital part of today’s communication networks and without it; data can never get past its originating subnet. It requires the implementation of a set of communication rules and guidelines called Routing Protocols. Each of these protocols has different features and performance capabilities, with different architectures and route processing algorithms. The data travels between local and wide area networks via different network topologies and is handled by different protocols within and outside different Autonomous Systems (AS). A secure and scalable communication platform relies on the selection of the right communication protocols. This plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of successful communication grids, with the dynamic nature of the Internet connections and communication between different Autonomous Systems. This research paper presents a simulation as a comparative study of the Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGRP) in varying scenarios. Their performance was analysed and discussed by observing the generated traffic to identify the best combination of protocols for efficient data delivery. GNS3 network simulation software was used to create and implement the scenarios, and WireShark was used to capture the data packets

In this paper, we apply a non-standard finite difference method to find the numerical solution of dynamic nonlinear ordinary differential equation. The results of standard and non-standard finite difference schemes are also compared with each other. Some examples have been provided to show the ability of the method to show the  adequacy of non-standard method, the results of two methods are compared with the exact solutions.

The modified simplest equation method is an efficient method for obtaining exact solutions of some nonlinear partial differential equations. In the present work, the modified simplest equation method is used to construct exact solutions of the differential equations. In the present work, the modified simplest equation method is used to construct exact solutions of the Zakharov equations and the coupled Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations . It also shown that the proposed method is effective and general.

Cloud computing has been a champion in Information Technology (IT) world for supporting flexibility on-demand services. It is leveraged to instantly fulfill dynamic demands from heterogeneous environment. However, the massive demand for the Cloud computing services contributed to high energy consumption, thus affecting cost of service and processing components lifetime. Quite a portion of the energy consumed is dissipated for ensuring processing components (i.e., processor) running but idle. An effective task scheduling is the solution for better processing performance while reducing energy consumption. In this paper we compared several energy efficient scheduling from three (3) different perspectives (i.e., heuristic, economic and intelligent points of view). These different perspectives are chosen particularly for exemplifying essential principles and features of energy management in task scheduling. Novel knowledge on the energy management are identified through similarities, differences and energy models. We believed that better trade-off between energy consumption and system performance is the solution to green Cloud computing.

In this paper, an effective operational method will beused to determine the numerical solution of a specific Nonlinear Fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential (NFVFID) equation. The method is based on CAS wavelets and Block Pulse Functions (BPFs) and their operational matrices. The main characteristic of this approach is to reduce a NFVFID equation to asystem of algebraic equations, which greatly simplifies the problem. Also some numerical examples are provided to illustratethe accuracy and computational efficiency of the method.

Mobile learning is the ability to obtain or deliver learning materials on personal pocket electronic devices such as mobile phones, PDAs or tablets. Mobile devices support multimedia elements, such as video conferencing and can be accessed by all learners via WiFi/WiMAX network. In this paper, we evaluate the quality of network traffic when video conferencing is being used by number of mobile devices over Wi-Fi/WiMAX network. A network testbed is designed with the E-Learning portal and PRTG is used to monitor the traffic; i.e. web traffic and multimedia traffic. The experimental result shows that the quality of traffic while using video conferencing in mobile learning is dependant on the number of users, accessing time & duration. It also shows that the technologies used are performing at desired level.

This study analyzes the performance of a combined Shewhart-EWMA control chart based on double median ranked set sampling (DMRSS), for efficient monitoring of changes in process mean level. The numerical performances of the proposed scheme were evaluated in terms of the average run length (ARL), standard deviation of run length, the average ratio ARL and average extra quadratic loss. Results show that the use of a well-structured sampling method on the combined scheme has greatly enhanced the performance of the scheme in detecting all kinds of shifts in a process. We present a comparison of the proposed scheme with some location charts for monitoring changes in a process. Practical application of the proposed scheme is also demonstrated using real industrial data.

This paper presents a supervised classification task on gait biometric of siblings’ data sets. This task, which we refer to as matched-pair classification, evaluates the within pair differences interms of the data set via jackknifing. A misclassification rate (MCR), which measures the percentage of misclassification of one sib compared to the other, gives an estimate on the potential uniqueness of gait for a person, particularly in twins. By this approach, the MCR values are mostly in the range of 90% for a data set of twins and in the range of 80% for a data set of non-twin siblings. When compared to the standard Leave-One-Out (LOO) classification, the MCR values of the proposed approach are higherthan the LOO classification, which may suggest its potential use in machine learning with regard to biometric-based systems.

‎In this article‎, ‎we apply open-plus-closed-loop control method to drive the synchronization between two fractional-order Lorenz-Stenflo systems‎. ‎Based on the stability theorems‎, ‎sufficient condition for synchronization is proposed‎. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the application of the theoretical results.‎

In this paper, we construct a numerical ‎ method‎ to ‎ the ‎ solution ‎ of‎ the Black-Scholes partial differential equation modeling the European option pricing problem with regard to a single asset‎.‎ We use an explicit spline-difference scheme which is based on using a finite difference approximation for the temporal derivative and a cubic B-spline collocation for spatial derivatives.‎ The derived method leads to a tri-diagonal linear system. The stability of this method has been discussed and shown to be unconditionally stable. The computational performance of the proposed scheme is compared with those obtained by using a scheme based on the radial basis function.

The ₂F₁ hypergeometric function appears in a wide variety of applications in probability and statistics. This article is motivated from an important application that arises in stochastic processes. A birth and death process that starts with a single species and birth rate larger than the death rate may lead to trees of species or genera. Under standard assumptions on the process, the probability of the size of a genera is a discrete distribution that can easily be computed at time t from the origin. However, when the process leads to several sub-line ages of trees that originated at different times from the origin, then the distribution of the size of the population commonly referred to as taxon size distribution of the genus size must be weighted by the different times that the genera originate. It was shown in Moschopoulos and Shpak (2010), that under the exponential distribution for time t the taxon distribution may be expressed as an ₂F₁(𝑥, 𝑏; 𝑥 +𝑏; 𝜃) hypergeometric function. This form has not been exploited in the literature. In this article we consider an asymptotic expansion of this ₂F₁ for large x in terms of generalized Bernoulli polynomials that can be computed upto any degree of accuracy.