In this paper, a framework is presented to outline the steps of automating doctor scheduling process using an evolutionary algorithm. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied within the framework to generate optimum work schedule for on-call doctors in emergency department at a public hospital in Malaysia. Currently, the doctor schedules are prepared by a head staff called captain who performs this tedious task manually where a lot of time is spent to perform this task. The main purpose of this research is to generate an optimum doctor schedule where the number of staff on duty is sufficed, individual preferences is fulfilled and all doctors are treated fairly. A systematic framework is established which can be applied to any automated on-call doctor scheduling system of emergency department in a Malaysian hospital.